MATERIALS USED WITH PERMISSION
“Miss Sadie” student work. From Student Essays Illustrating the CAP Rhetorical Effectiveness Scoring System. Copyright 1992 by California Department of Education, 721 Capital Mall, 4th Floor, Sacramento, CA 95814.

“Two Poems About Sports” student work. From Integrated English Language Arts Illustrative Material: Grade 10. Copyright 1994, California Department of Education, 721 Capital Mall, 4th Floor, Sacramento, CA 95814.

REFERENCES
American Federation of Teachers. (1994). Defining World Class Standards: A Publication Series. Vol. 1-3. Washington, DC: Author.

American Federation of Teachers. (1995). Making Standards Matter: A Fifty-State Progress Report on Efforts to Raise Academic Standards. Washington, DC: Author.

Black, P. J., & Atkin, J. Myron. (eds.). (1996). Changing the Subject: Innovations in Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education. London; New York: Routledge.

Board of Education of the City of New York. (1995). Curriculum Frameworks: Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities, Grades Pre-K - 12. New York: Author.

The Business Task Force on Student Standards. (1995). The Challenge of Change: Standards To Make Education Work For All Our Children. Washington, DC: Business Coalition for Education Reform.

National Council of Teachers of English & International Reading Association. (1996). Standards for the English Language Arts. Urbana, IL and Newark, DE: NCTE and IRA.

National Education Goals Panel, Technical Planning Group. (1993). Promises to Keep: Creating High Standards for American Students. Washington, DC: Author.

New Standards. (1997). Performance Standards. Washington, DC and Pittsburgh, PA: National Center on Education and the Economy and the University of Pittsburgh.

New Standards. (1995). New Standards: Performance Standards—Consultation Draft. Washington, DC and Pittsburgh, PA: National Center on Education and the Economy and the University of Pittsburgh.

Secretary’s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. (1992). Learning A Living: A Blueprint for High Performance—A SCANS Report For America 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.

The University of the State of New York and The State Education Department. (1994). Preliminary Draft Framework for English Language Arts. Albany, NY: Authors.